Typical indications for extraction
A deep fracture of the root, a necrotic pulp with infection, significant loss of bone support, a tooth that interferes with a normal bite, an untreatable root infection.
- A fractured root — the tooth cannot be preserved
- An untreatable root infection or abscess
- Marked periodontal mobility — the tooth is not held by the bone
- A retained deciduous tooth that interferes with the permanent one
- A tooth that injures the lining of the mouth and cannot be corrected
Alternatives to extraction
Restoring the tooth (a filling), root canal treatment and periodontal treatment are options I consider before extraction. More about restoration is in the relevant article.
If the root is intact and the pulp can be preserved or treated, extraction is not the first step.
The role of dental X-rays
Without dental X-rays I cannot assess the condition of the root and the bone or make a well-founded decision. A tooth that looks “intact” from the outside can have a fractured root or an infection.
Why a dog may keep eating with a tooth that needs extracting
Dogs hide pain. The owner puts off the extraction because the dog “eats normally”. But chronic infection affects general health.
After painful teeth have been extracted, many owners notice that the dog eats better.
Life after extraction
Dogs adapt well to missing individual teeth. Chewing teeth are extracted less often — the decision depends on function and the diagnostics. Extraction of all the teeth is a last resort.
What the owner should do
If the vet has recommended extraction, discuss the alternatives and the risks of delay. Do not leave an infected tooth untreated.
When to see a vet
- Dental X-rays have shown an untreatable root problem
- The tooth is very loose and painful
- The vet has recommended extraction after a full examination
- A fractured root or an exposed pulp that cannot be preserved
- An abscess near the root — urgent assessment
- A retained deciduous tooth in a puppy
- You need a second opinion on the plan — a dentist's consultation
- After extraction — a check on healing
What not to do at home
- Do not refuse extraction out of fear without discussing the alternatives with the vet
- Do not leave an infected tooth untreated
- Do not decide on your own without dental X-rays
- Do not give hard toys to a damaged tooth
- Do not put it off because the appetite is “normal”
Frequently asked questions
The procedure is done under anaesthesia. Afterwards, pain relief as prescribed. Aftercare follows the instructions.
The plan may be staged. I decide the best amount to do in one visit.
Yes, dogs generally adapt. Soft food for a while, then the usual diet.
Sometimes, yes — with root canal treatment or restoration. Dental X-rays show whether that is possible.
It depends on the animal's condition and the amount of work. I assess the safety of the anaesthesia.
Sources and professional guidelines
- WSAVA Global Dental GuidelinesGlobal guidelines for veterinary dentistry
- AAHA Dental Care Guidelines for Dogs and CatsClinical guidelines for dental care
- AVDC NomenclatureAVDC nomenclature and terminology
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