Stages of development
It starts with gingivitis (gum inflammation) with no bone loss. Inflammation then spreads deeper, periodontal pockets form, and teeth lose their support.
- Gingivitis — red gums, mild bleeding
- Periodontitis — pockets, loose teeth
- Advanced periodontal disease — significant loss of bone support
What it looks like in a dog
Bad breath, yellow tartar on the canines, blood on toys, avoiding chewing — typical signals. A dog may still seem active while hiding discomfort.
Approach to treatment
Professional cleaning under anaesthesia, treatment of periodontal pockets, and sometimes extraction of teeth no longer supported by bone. Home care complements treatment but doesn't replace it.
When to see a vet
- Noticeable tartar, gum bleeding or persistent bad breath
- The dog avoids hard food or chews on only one side
- Teeth look loose, or the bite has changed
What not to do at home
- Don't remove tartar yourself — there may be deeper inflammation underneath
- Don't treat "mild" bleeding as normal
- Don't delay treatment out of fear of anaesthesia — discuss the risks with your vet
Frequently asked questions
Home care reduces plaque, but it doesn't remove tartar already present or inflammation within pockets — a professional procedure is needed.
Untreated, periodontal disease progresses. In the early stages most teeth can still be saved.